What must be minimized to ensure effective filling of the mold?

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To ensure effective filling of the mold, it is crucial to minimize the turbulence of the flowing metal. Turbulence can cause several issues during the casting process, such as inadequate filling of the mold cavity and the introduction of air bubbles or inclusions. These defects can compromise the quality of the final cast product.

Minimizing turbulence allows for a smoother and more controlled flow of the molten metal, which helps in achieving uniform filling and prevents the formation of defects. A laminar flow is desirable in the filling process to ensure that the molten metal travels smoothly into all parts of the mold without disruption.

While the other factors can also influence the casting process, they do not directly address the filling efficiency to the same extent as minimizing turbulence does. For example, while temperature affects fluidity, it is the turbulence of the flow that critically impacts how well the mold is filled.

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